Abstract: Glaucoma is an irreversible neuropathy and oxidative stress probably plays an important role in its pathological process. Oxidative damage can destroy cells of many parts of ocular tissue, induce decrease of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and increase antioxidantrelated proteins, finally lead to deposition of these proteins and cell death. Oxidative damage also modifies the cytoskeleton of mitochondria in trabecular meshwork cells and causes pathologic degradation of trabecular meshwork cells. Oxidative stress also induces raise of antioxidantrelated proteins and endogenous apoptosis of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells, and lastly results in retinal ganglion cell dysfunction. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 59-62)